For many years, long before President Macron's arrival at the Elysée Palace, the French position on defense had always been more independent than that of its neighbors vis-à-vis American protection. In 2017, when tensions between Berlin and Washington were at their peak, Emmanuel Macron and Engels Merkel launched several industrial and political initiatives to give substance to a very ambitious and quite old project, Defense Europe. However, as relations between Germany and the United States normalized from the following year, the Franco-German cooperation programs gradually withered, largely from…
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